C++ 的泛型程序设计思想

• C++ 语言的核心优势之一就是便于软件的重用

• C++中有两个方面体现重用：

  1. 面向对象的思想：继承和多态，标准类库
  2. 泛型程序设计(generic programming) 的思想： 模板机
     制，以及标准模板库 STL

  先看一段代码：

#include <list>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <deque>
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
  string string_hello = "Hello";
  string_hello += string_hello;
  list<int> list_hello;
  list_hello.push_front(100);
  list_hello.push_back(200);
  list<int>::const_iterator point;
  for(point = list_hello.begin(); point != list_hello.end(); point++)
    cout << *point << endl;
  vector<int> vec;
  vec.push_back(23);
  vec.push_back(89);
  vec.push_back(123);
  vec.push_back(333);
  vector<int>::iterator p;
  vec.reserve(1000);
  p = find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 333);
  if (p != vec.end())
    cout << vec.size() <<endl << vec.capacity() << endl;
  if (!vec.empty()) {
    cout << "Vector is not empty" << endl;
  }
  vec.resize(2000);
  cout << vec.capacity() << endl;
  vector<int> arrays{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
  ostream_iterator<int> it(cout, " ");
  copy(arrays.begin(), arrays.end(), it);
  deque<int> deq1{1, 2, 3};
  ostream_iterator<int> its(cout, " ");
  copy(deq1.begin(), deq1.end(), its);
  return 0;
}